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SURGICAL CARE OF MAJOR Newborn MALFORMATIONS
The fetus receives glucose from its mother by facilitated placental diffusion; very
little is derived from fetal gluconeogenesis. Limited liver glycogen stores accumu-
lated during the later stages of gestation are rapidly depleted within 2 to 3 hours
after birth. The neonate’s blood glucose level then depends on its capacity for
gluconeogenesis, adequacy of substrate stores, and total energy requirements. Of
note, the neonate’s ability to synthesize glucose from fat or protein substrates is
severely limited, necessitating intake of exogenous carbohydrates to maintain
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