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Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology provides the scientific basis for the practice of medicine, because it
focuses on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of human disease. It is a relatively
recent science that initially focused on longitudinal studies, randomized controlled trials,
and evaluation of diagnostic tests, and progressed to evidence-based decision-making
revolving around critical appraisal, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, health technology
assessment, clinical practice guidelines, and health economics.
More recently, clinical epidemiology has extended to knowledge translation and patient
engagement together with endeavors to improve health-related behaviors using implemen-
tation science, and availing of administrative databases and big data technology.
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